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'''Nancy Raven''' (Also '''Nancy Taylor''') (Twin Springs, Oklahoma, December |
'''Nancy Raven''' (Also '''Nancy Taylor''') (Twin Springs, Oklahoma, 25 December 1872 – 25 March 1957)<ref>{{cite web |title=Nancy Raven |url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Raven&GSfn=Nancy&GSby=1875&GSbyrel=before&GSdy=1930&GSdyrel=after&GSst=38&GScntry=4&GSob=n&GRid=63027143&df=all& |publisher=Findagrave.com |accessdate=2013-10-14}}</ref> was a [[Natchez people|Natchez]] storyteller of [[Braggs, Oklahoma]] and one of the last two native speakers of the [[Natchez language]].<ref name=kimball2/> |
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Her father was Cherokee and her mother Natchez, and she learned Natchez at home. She never learned English, but was trilingual in Natchez, [[Cherokee language|Cherokee]] and [[Creek language|Creek]].<ref name=Kimball/> |
Her father was [[Cherokee]] and her mother Natchez, and she learned Natchez at home. She never learned English, but was trilingual in Natchez, [[Cherokee language|Cherokee]] and [[Creek language|Creek]].<ref name=Kimball/> |
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In 1907 she worked a little with anthropologist [[John R. Swanton]] who collected information about Natchez religion, and in the 1930s she worked extensively with linguist [[Mary Haas]] who collected grammatical information and texts using an interpreter. Among the stories she told Mary Haas was one called "The Woman Who was a Fox".<ref name=Kimball>{{cite journal|last=Kimball|first=G. |year=2013|title=The Woman Who Was a Fox: The Structure of a Natchez Oral Narrative|journal=International Journal of American Linguistics|volume=79|issue=3|pages= |
In 1907 she worked a little with anthropologist [[John R. Swanton]] who collected information about Natchez religion, and in the 1930s she worked extensively with linguist [[Mary Haas]] who collected grammatical information and texts using an interpreter. Among the stories she told Mary Haas was one called "The Woman Who was a Fox".<ref name=Kimball>{{cite journal|last=Kimball|first=G. |year=2013|title=The Woman Who Was a Fox: The Structure of a Natchez Oral Narrative|journal=International Journal of American Linguistics|volume=79|issue=3|pages=421–437|jstor=670925}}</ref> Sometimes she used the surname Taylor, which she had taken from her second husband.<ref name=Kimball/> |
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She married four times; she had one son Adam Levi from her first marriage, with her second husband Will Taylor she received land allotments from the [[Dawes Commission]] in 1907. She was soon widowed, then married a man named Waters, and by 1920 was again widowed and married Albert Raven about whom little is known. In the 1930s she appears to have been once again widowed. In 1930 she sold her land allotment.<ref name=Kimball/> She was the biological cousin |
She married four times; she had one son Adam Levi from her first marriage, with her second husband Will Taylor she received land allotments from the [[Dawes Commission]] in 1907. She was soon widowed, then married a man named Waters, and by 1920 was again widowed and married Albert Raven about whom little is known. In the 1930s she appears to have been once again widowed. In 1930 she sold her land allotment.<ref name=Kimball/> She was the biological cousin of the other last speaker of Natchez, [[Watt Sam]], who in Natchez kinship terminology was her classificatory nephew.<ref>{{Citation |
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| publisher = Smithsonian Institution |
| publisher = Smithsonian Institution |
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| pages = 598–615 [unified volume Bibliography, pp. 772–999] |
| pages = 598–615 [unified volume Bibliography, pp. 772–999] |
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| first = Patricia Kay |
| first = Patricia Kay |
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| coauthors = Jason Baird Jackson |
| coauthors = Jason Baird Jackson |
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| title = Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 14: Southeast |
| title = [[Handbook of North American Indians]], Vol. 14: Southeast |
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| chapter = [[Natchez people|Natchez]] and Neighboring Groups |
| chapter = [[Natchez people|Natchez]] and Neighboring Groups |
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| location = Washington, DC |
| location = Washington, DC |
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| year = 2004 |
| year = 2004 |
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| isbn = 978-0160723001 |
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}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |
}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |
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| publisher = Smithsonian Institution |
| publisher = Smithsonian Institution |
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| location = Washington, DC |
| location = Washington, DC |
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| year = 2004 |
| year = 2004 |
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}}</ref> Among the Natchez the language was generally passed down matrilineally, but at her death Nancy Raven had no surviving children, her only son Adam Levi having died from tuberculosis at age 20 in 1915.<ref name=kimball2>{{cite book|last=Kimball|first=Geoffry|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nd5o9juMePEC&pg=PA385 |
}}</ref> Among the Natchez, the language was generally passed down matrilineally, but at her death Nancy Raven had no surviving children, her only son Adam Levi having died from [[tuberculosis]] at age 20 in 1915.<ref name=kimball2>{{cite book|last=Kimball|first=Geoffry|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nd5o9juMePEC&pg=PA385|chapter=Natchez|title=Native Languages of the Southeastern United States| editors=Janine Scancarelli and Heather Kay Hardy (eds.)|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=2005|pages=385–453|isbn=978-0803242357}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 17:38, 14 September 2013
Nancy Raven (Also Nancy Taylor) (Twin Springs, Oklahoma, 25 December 1872 – 25 March 1957)[1] was a Natchez storyteller of Braggs, Oklahoma and one of the last two native speakers of the Natchez language.[2]
Her father was Cherokee and her mother Natchez, and she learned Natchez at home. She never learned English, but was trilingual in Natchez, Cherokee and Creek.[3]
In 1907 she worked a little with anthropologist John R. Swanton who collected information about Natchez religion, and in the 1930s she worked extensively with linguist Mary Haas who collected grammatical information and texts using an interpreter. Among the stories she told Mary Haas was one called "The Woman Who was a Fox".[3] Sometimes she used the surname Taylor, which she had taken from her second husband.[3]
She married four times; she had one son Adam Levi from her first marriage, with her second husband Will Taylor she received land allotments from the Dawes Commission in 1907. She was soon widowed, then married a man named Waters, and by 1920 was again widowed and married Albert Raven about whom little is known. In the 1930s she appears to have been once again widowed. In 1930 she sold her land allotment.[3] She was the biological cousin of the other last speaker of Natchez, Watt Sam, who in Natchez kinship terminology was her classificatory nephew.[4][5] Among the Natchez, the language was generally passed down matrilineally, but at her death Nancy Raven had no surviving children, her only son Adam Levi having died from tuberculosis at age 20 in 1915.[2]
References
- ^ "Nancy Raven". Findagrave.com. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
- ^ a b Kimball, Geoffry (2005). "Natchez". Native Languages of the Southeastern United States. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 385–453. ISBN 978-0803242357.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|editors=ignored (|editor=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d Kimball, G. (2013). "The Woman Who Was a Fox: The Structure of a Natchez Oral Narrative". International Journal of American Linguistics. 79 (3): 421–437. JSTOR 670925.
- ^ Galloway, Patricia Kay (2004), "Natchez and Neighboring Groups", Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 14: Southeast, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 598–615 [unified volume Bibliography, pp. 772–999], ISBN 978-0160723001
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|editors=ignored (|editor=suggested) (help) - ^ Martin, Jack B. (2004), "Languages", Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 14: Southeast, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 68–86 [unified volume Bibliography, pp. 772–999]
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter|editors=ignored (|editor=suggested) (help)