Nancy Raven: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Last speaker of the Natchez language (1872–1957)}} |
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'''Nancy Raven''' ( |
'''Nancy Raven''' (December 25, 1872 – March 25, 1957),<ref>{{cite web |title=Nancy Raven |url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Raven&GSfn=Nancy&GSby=1875&GSbyrel=before&GSdy=1930&GSdyrel=after&GSst=38&GScntry=4&GSob=n&GRid=63027143&df=all& |publisher=Findagrave.com |accessdate=2013-10-14}}</ref> also known as '''Nancy Taylor''', was a [[Natchez people|Natchez]] storyteller from [[Braggs, Oklahoma]] and one of the last two native speakers of the [[Natchez language]].<ref name=kimball2/> |
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Her father was [[Cherokee]] and her mother Natchez, and she learned Natchez at home. She never learned English, but was trilingual in Natchez, [[Cherokee language|Cherokee]] and [[Creek language|Creek]].<ref name=Kimball/> |
Her father was [[Cherokee]] and her mother Natchez, and she learned Natchez at home. She never learned English, but was trilingual in Natchez, [[Cherokee language|Cherokee]] and [[Creek language|Creek]].<ref name=Kimball/> |
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In 1907 she worked |
In 1907 she worked with anthropologist [[John R. Swanton]] who collected information about Natchez religion, and in the 1930s she worked extensively with linguist [[Mary Haas]] who collected grammatical information and texts using an interpreter. Among the stories she told Mary Haas was one called "The Woman Who Was a Fox".<ref name=Kimball>{{cite journal|last=Kimball|first=G. |year=2013|title=The Woman Who Was a Fox: The Structure of a Natchez Oral Narrative|journal=International Journal of American Linguistics|volume=79|issue=3|pages=421–437|jstor=670925|doi=10.1086/670925|s2cid=144512594 }}</ref> Sometimes she used the surname Taylor, which she had taken from her second husband.<ref name=Kimball/> |
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She married four times; she had one son Adam Levi from her first marriage, with her second husband Will Taylor she received land allotments from the [[Dawes Commission]] in 1907. She was soon widowed, then married a man named Waters, and by 1920 was again widowed and married Albert Raven about whom little is known. In the 1930s she appears to have been once again widowed. In 1930 she sold her land allotment.<ref name=Kimball/> She was the biological cousin of the other last speaker of Natchez, [[Watt Sam]], who in Natchez kinship terminology was her classificatory nephew.<ref>{{Citation |
She married four times; she had one son Adam Levi from her first marriage, with her second husband Will Taylor she received land allotments from the [[Dawes Commission]] in 1907. She was soon widowed, then married a man named Waters, and by 1920 was again widowed and married Albert Raven, a man about whom little is known. In the 1930s she appears to have been once again widowed. In 1930 she sold her land allotment.<ref name=Kimball/> She was the biological cousin of the other last speaker of Natchez, [[Watt Sam]], who in Natchez kinship terminology was her classificatory nephew.<ref>{{Citation |
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| publisher = Smithsonian Institution |
| publisher = Smithsonian Institution |
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| pages = 598–615 |
| pages = 598–615 |
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|editor=Raymond D. Fogelson |
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| last = Galloway |
| last = Galloway |
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| first = Patricia Kay |
| first = Patricia Kay |
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| |
|author2=Jason Baird Jackson |
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| title = [[Handbook of North American Indians]], Vol. 14: Southeast |
| title = [[Handbook of North American Indians]], Vol. 14: Southeast |
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| chapter = [[Natchez people|Natchez]] and Neighboring Groups |
| chapter = [[Natchez people|Natchez]] and Neighboring Groups |
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}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |
}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |
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| publisher = Smithsonian Institution |
| publisher = Smithsonian Institution |
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| pages = 68–86 |
| pages = 68–86 |
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| |
|editor=Raymond D. Fogelson |
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| last = Martin |
| last = Martin |
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| first = Jack B. |
| first = Jack B. |
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| location = Washington, DC |
| location = Washington, DC |
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| year = 2004 |
| year = 2004 |
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}}</ref> Among the Natchez, the language was generally passed down matrilineally, but at her death Nancy Raven had no surviving children, her only son Adam Levi having died from [[tuberculosis]] at age 20 in 1915.<ref name=kimball2>{{cite book|last=Kimball|first=Geoffry|url= |
}}</ref> Among the Natchez, the language was generally passed down matrilineally, but at her death Nancy Raven had no surviving children, her only son Adam Levi having died from [[tuberculosis]] at age 20 in 1915.<ref name=kimball2>{{cite book|last=Kimball|first=Geoffry|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nd5o9juMePEC&pg=PA385|chapter=Natchez|title=Native Languages of the Southeastern United States |editor=Janine Scancarelli |editor2=Heather Kay Hardy |publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=2005|pages=385–453|isbn=978-0803242357}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://cla.berkeley.edu/person/397 Index of Mary Haas' notes from her work with Nancy Raven] |
*[http://cla.berkeley.edu/person/397 Index of Mary Haas' notes from her work with Nancy Raven] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718153817/http://cla.berkeley.edu/person/397 |date=2013-07-18 }} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Raven, Nancy}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Raven, Nancy}} |
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[[Category:Natchez people]] |
[[Category:Natchez people]] |
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[[Category:People from |
[[Category:People from Braggs, Oklahoma]] |
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[[Category:Last known speakers of a language]] |
[[Category:Last known speakers of a Native American language]] |
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[[Category:19th-century Native Americans]] |
[[Category:19th-century Native Americans]] |
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[[Category:1872 births]] |
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[[Category:1957 deaths]] |
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[[Category:19th-century Native American women]] |
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[[Category:20th-century Native American women]] |
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[[Category:20th-century Native Americans]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:53, 13 September 2023
Nancy Raven (December 25, 1872 – March 25, 1957),[1] also known as Nancy Taylor, was a Natchez storyteller from Braggs, Oklahoma and one of the last two native speakers of the Natchez language.[2]
Her father was Cherokee and her mother Natchez, and she learned Natchez at home. She never learned English, but was trilingual in Natchez, Cherokee and Creek.[3]
In 1907 she worked with anthropologist John R. Swanton who collected information about Natchez religion, and in the 1930s she worked extensively with linguist Mary Haas who collected grammatical information and texts using an interpreter. Among the stories she told Mary Haas was one called "The Woman Who Was a Fox".[3] Sometimes she used the surname Taylor, which she had taken from her second husband.[3]
She married four times; she had one son Adam Levi from her first marriage, with her second husband Will Taylor she received land allotments from the Dawes Commission in 1907. She was soon widowed, then married a man named Waters, and by 1920 was again widowed and married Albert Raven, a man about whom little is known. In the 1930s she appears to have been once again widowed. In 1930 she sold her land allotment.[3] She was the biological cousin of the other last speaker of Natchez, Watt Sam, who in Natchez kinship terminology was her classificatory nephew.[4][5] Among the Natchez, the language was generally passed down matrilineally, but at her death Nancy Raven had no surviving children, her only son Adam Levi having died from tuberculosis at age 20 in 1915.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ "Nancy Raven". Findagrave.com. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
- ^ a b Kimball, Geoffry (2005). "Natchez". In Janine Scancarelli; Heather Kay Hardy (eds.). Native Languages of the Southeastern United States. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 385–453. ISBN 978-0803242357.
- ^ a b c d Kimball, G. (2013). "The Woman Who Was a Fox: The Structure of a Natchez Oral Narrative". International Journal of American Linguistics. 79 (3): 421–437. doi:10.1086/670925. JSTOR 670925. S2CID 144512594.
- ^ Galloway, Patricia Kay; Jason Baird Jackson (2004), "Natchez and Neighboring Groups", in Raymond D. Fogelson (ed.), Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 14: Southeast, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 598–615, ISBN 978-0160723001
- ^ Martin, Jack B. (2004), "Languages", in Raymond D. Fogelson (ed.), Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 14: Southeast, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 68–86
External links[edit]
- Index of Mary Haas' notes from her work with Nancy Raven Archived 2013-07-18 at the Wayback Machine