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{{short description|Russian space surveillance station}}
{{other uses2|Krona}}
{{other uses|Krona (disambiguation)}}
⚫
'''Krona space object recognition station''' ({{lang-rus|Радиооптический комплекс распознавания космических объектов «Крона»}}) is a Russian military complex which is used to identify objects (artificial satellites) in outer space using telescopes and radar. It is part of the [[Centre for Outer Space Monitoring]] of the [[Russian Aerospace Defence Forces]]. The first Krona is near the village of [[Zelenchukskaya]] in [[Karachay-Cherkessia]], North Caucasus. There is another under construction in the [[Russian Far East]] called Krona-N, near [[Nakhodka]] in [[Primorsky Krai]] <ref name="RedOrbit"/><ref name="Kommersant"/><ref name="Podvig-sprn"/><ref name="astronomer.ru"/>. In 2007 the then commander of the [[Russian Space Forces]] [[Vladimir Popovkin]] said that the Nakhodka Krona would start in 2008, however there were no subsequent announcements <ref name="Armtass"/>.
{{Infobox military structure
| ensign = File:Russian military space troops flag.svg
| ensign_size = 90px
|name = Krona
|native_name = Крона
|location = Russia
|map_type = Russia
|coordinates = {{coord|43.716917|41.231688|type:landmark|display=inline}}
|map_alt = Krona
|map_caption = Krona in Zelenchukskaya
|type = Space surveillance base
|built = {{Start date|1999}}
| ownership = [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]
| controlledby = [[Russian Space Forces]]
|garrison =
}}


⚫
'''Krona space object recognition station''' ({{lang-rus|Радиооптический комплекс распознавания космических объектов «Крона»|Radiooptichesky Kompleks raspoznavaniya kosmicheskikh obektov "Krona"}}) is a Russian military complex which is used to identify objects (artificial satellites) in outer space using telescopes and radar. It is part of the [[Centre for Outer Space Monitoring]] of the [[Russian Space Forces]]. The first Krona is near the village of [[Zelenchukskaya]] in [[Karachay-Cherkessia]], North Caucasus. There is another under construction in the [[Russian Far East]] called [[Krona-N]], near [[Nakhodka]] in [[Primorsky Krai]].<ref name="RedOrbit"/><ref name="Kommersant"/><ref name="Podvig-sprn"/><ref name="astronomer.ru"/> In 2007, the then commander of the [[Russian Space Forces]] [[Vladimir Popovkin]] said that the Nakhodka Krona would start in 2008, however there were no subsequent announcements.<ref name="Armtass"/>
⚫
The Caucasian Krona consists of two complexes - an optical one located on Chapa mountain ({{Coord|43.7169171|N|41.2316883|E|}}) above 2,000 metres and a radar installation 30 km away at a height of 1,300 metres ({{Coord|43|49|34|N|41|40|35|E|}})<ref name="RedOrbit"/>. One site for the Nakhodka Krona is {{Coord|42|56|8.52|N|132|34|36.37|E|}} <ref name="fas-okno"/>, and this site may not have an optical component <ref name="SoC-skkp"/>.

⚫
The Caucasian Krona consists of two complexes - an optical one located on Chapal mountain ({{Coord|43.7169171|N|41.2316883|E|}}) above 2,000 metres and a radar installation 30&nbsp;km away at a height of 1,300 metres ({{Coord|43|49|34|N|41|20|35|E|}}).<ref name="RedOrbit"/> One site for the Nakhodka Krona is {{Coord|42|56|8.52|N|132|34|36.37|E|}},<ref name="fas-okno"/> and this site does not have an optical component.<ref name="SoC-skkp"/>


==History==
==History==
{{Ru space surveillance}}
Krona was planned in the 1970s and onsite construction started in 1984. Testing started in 1994 and the site was operational in 1999 <ref name="RedOrbit"/>. A laser optical locator ([[lidar]]
<ref name="fas-okno"/>) was added in 2005 <ref name="Kommersant"/>. The original plan was for three sites - Zelenchukskaya, Nakhodka and another in the [[Pamir Mountains]], the area [[Okno]] was built. The name ''krona'' (meaning 'crown') came from the appearance of the UHF band antenna which looked like a tree (''krona dereva'') <ref name="RedOrbit"/>.
Krona was planned in the 1970s and onsite construction started in 1984. Testing started in 1994 and the site was operational in 1999.<ref name="RedOrbit"/> A laser optical locator ([[lidar]]
<ref name="fas-okno"/>) was added in 2005.<ref name="Kommersant"/> The original plan was for three sites - Zelenchukskaya, Nakhodka and another in the [[Pamir Mountains]], the area [[Okno]] was built. The name ''krona'' (meaning 'crown') came from the appearance of the UHF band antenna which looked like a tree (''krona dereva'').<ref name="RedOrbit"/>


==Facilities==
==Facilities==
The Caucasian Krona radar works in both the centimeter and decimeter bands. The [[UHF]] antenna is 20m x 20m and the [[SHF]] one consists of 5 rotating parabolic antennas which uses [[interferometry]] <ref name="NK-Krona"/><ref name="RedOrbit"/>. According to a 2007 television programme the UHF radar first discovers an object and discerns its orbit and characteristics. Then further detail and precise coordinates are discovered using the SHF radar. The lidar then targets the object and reflected light is picked up by the telescope <ref name="RedOrbit"/>.
The Caucasian Krona radar works in both the centimeter and decimeter bands. The [[UHF]] antenna is 20m x 20m and the [[Super high frequency|SHF]] one consists of 5 rotating parabolic antennas which uses [[interferometry]].<ref name="RedOrbit"/><ref name="NK-Krona"/> According to a 2007 television programme the UHF radar first discovers an object and discerns its orbit and characteristics. Then further detail and precise coordinates are discovered using the SHF radar. The lidar then targets the object and reflected light is picked up by the telescope.<ref name="RedOrbit"/>


==References==
==References==
Line 16: Line 35:
| url = http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1110953/russias_krona_space_reconnaissance_system_profiled_praised_in_tv_programme/
| url = http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1110953/russias_krona_space_reconnaissance_system_profiled_praised_in_tv_programme/
| title = Russia’s Krona Space Reconnaissance System Profiled, Praised in TV Programme
| title = Russia’s Krona Space Reconnaissance System Profiled, Praised in TV Programme
| accessdate = 2012-03-17
| access-date = 2012-03-17
| date = 2007-10-21
| date = 2007-10-21
| publisher = BBC Monitoring/Red Orbit
| publisher = BBC Monitoring/Red Orbit
Line 23: Line 42:
<ref name="Kommersant">{{Cite web
<ref name="Kommersant">{{Cite web
| url = http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/581197
| url = http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/581197
| title = Космические войска получили лазерный локатор (Space forces have a laser radar)
| title = Космические войска получили лазерный локатор
|trans-title=Space forces have a laser radar
| accessdate = 2012-03-17
| access-date = 2012-03-17
| date = 2005-05-28
| date = 2005-05-28
| first =Ivan
| first =Ivan
Line 34: Line 54:
| url = http://russianforces.org/sprn/
| url = http://russianforces.org/sprn/
| title = Early warning
| title = Early warning
| accessdate = 2012-03-17
| access-date = 2012-03-17
| date = 2012-01-30
| date = 2012-01-30
| first =Pavel
| first =Pavel
Line 43: Line 63:
<ref name="Armtass">{{Cite web
<ref name="Armtass">{{Cite web
| url = http://armstass.su/?page=article&aid=49743&cid=25
| url = http://armstass.su/?page=article&aid=49743&cid=25
| title = В 2007 году Космические войска обеспечили реальность сроков сдачи в эксплуатацию перспективного РКК "Ангара"
| script-title = ru:В 2007 году Космические войска обеспечили реальность сроков сдачи в эксплуатацию перспективного РКК "Ангара"
| trans-title = In 2007 the Space Forces gave a time for the commissioning of Angara
| language = Russian
| language = ru
| accessdate = 2012-03-17
| access-date = 2012-03-17
| date = 2007-12-29
| date = 2007-12-29
| publisher = ITAR-TASS
| publisher = ITAR-TASS
⚫
| archive-date = 2012-02-09
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120209123831/http://armstass.su/?page=article&aid=49743&cid=25
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


<ref name="NK-Krona">{{Cite web
<ref name="NK-Krona">{{Cite web
| url = http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/numbers/293/38.shtml
| url = http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/numbers/293/38.shtml
| title = Контроль над космосом на высоте, или «Крона» в Зеленчуке
| script-title=ru:Контроль над космосом на высоте, или "Крона" в Зеленчуке
|trans-title=Control of space at a height, or 'crown', in Zelenchukskaya
| language = Russian
| language = ru
⚫
| accessdate = 2012-03-17
| date = 2007-04
| access-date = 2012-03-17
⚫
| date = April 2007
| publisher = Novosti Kosmonavtiki
| publisher = Novosti Kosmonavtiki
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020182914/http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/numbers/293/38.shtml
|archive-date=2010-10-20
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


<ref name="astronomer.ru">{{Cite web
<ref name="astronomer.ru">{{Cite web
| url = http://lfvn.astronomer.ru/report/0000006/p000006.htm
| url = http://lfvn.astronomer.ru/report/0000006/p000006.htm
| title = СККП: Система контроля космического пространства Российской Федерации
| script-title=ru:СККП: Система контроля космического пространства Российской Федерации
|trans-title=SKKP: A system of space monitoring of the Russian Federation
| language = Russian
| language = ru
| accessdate = 2012-03-17
| access-date = 2012-03-17
| date = 2006-10-04
| date = 2006-10-04
| publisher = Vympel
| publisher = Vympel
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


<ref name="fas-okno">{{cite book |title=Sourcebook on the Okno (в/ч 52168), Krona (в/ч 20096) and Krona-N (в/ч 20776) Space Surveillance Sites |date=2008-12-30 |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |url=http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/track/okno.pdf|access-date=July 31, 2012}}
<ref name="fas-okno">{{cite web
⚫
</ref>
| url = http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/track/okno.pdf
| title = Sourcebook on the Okno (в/ч 52168), Krona (в/ч 20096) and Krona-N (в/ч 20776) Space Surveillance Sites
| publisher = Federation of American Scientists
⚫
| date = 2008-12-30
| accessdate = 2012-03-12
⚫
}}</ref>


<ref name="SoC-skkp">{{cite web
<ref name="SoC-skkp">{{cite web
Line 82: Line 105:
| last = O'Connor
| last = O'Connor
| date = 2008-06-13
| date = 2008-06-13
| accessdate = 2012-03-12
| access-date = 2012-03-12
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


</references>
</references>

==External links==
* [http://www.vimpel.ru/images/phocagallery/fotogallery/thumbs/phoca_thumb_l_krona_l.jpg Photograph of antenna from Vympel]

{{Soviet Radar}}


[[Category:Russian Space Forces]]
[[Category:Russian Space Forces]]
[[Category:Military installations of Russia]]
[[Category:Military installations of Russia]]

[[ru:Радиооптический комплекс распознавания космических объектов «Крона»]]

Latest revision as of 03:53, 27 May 2023

For other uses, see Krona (disambiguation).
Krona
Крона
Russia
Krona is located in Russia
Krona
Krona
Coordinates43°43′01″N 41°13′54″E / 43.716917°N 41.231688°E / 43.716917; 41.231688
TypeSpace surveillance base
Site information
OwnerRussian Aerospace Forces
Controlled byRussian Space Forces
Site history
Built1999 (1999)

Krona space object recognition station (Russian: Радиооптический комплекс распознавания космических объектов «Крона», romanized: Radiooptichesky Kompleks raspoznavaniya kosmicheskikh obektov "Krona") is a Russian military complex which is used to identify objects (artificial satellites) in outer space using telescopes and radar. It is part of the Centre for Outer Space Monitoring of the Russian Space Forces. The first Krona is near the village of Zelenchukskaya in Karachay-Cherkessia, North Caucasus. There is another under construction in the Russian Far East called Krona-N, near Nakhodka in Primorsky Krai.[1][2][3][4] In 2007, the then commander of the Russian Space Forces Vladimir Popovkin said that the Nakhodka Krona would start in 2008, however there were no subsequent announcements.[5]

The Caucasian Krona consists of two complexes - an optical one located on Chapal mountain (43°43′01″N 41°13′54″E / 43.7169171°N 41.2316883°E / 43.7169171; 41.2316883) above 2,000 metres and a radar installation 30 km away at a height of 1,300 metres (43°49′34″N 41°20′35″E / 43.82611°N 41.34306°E / 43.82611; 41.34306).[1] One site for the Nakhodka Krona is 42°56′8.52″N 132°34′36.37″E / 42.9357000°N 132.5767694°E / 42.9357000; 132.5767694,[6] and this site does not have an optical component.[7]

History[edit]

Krona was planned in the 1970s and onsite construction started in 1984. Testing started in 1994 and the site was operational in 1999.[1] A laser optical locator (lidar [6]) was added in 2005.[2] The original plan was for three sites - Zelenchukskaya, Nakhodka and another in the Pamir Mountains, the area Okno was built. The name krona (meaning 'crown') came from the appearance of the UHF band antenna which looked like a tree (krona dereva).[1]

Facilities[edit]

The Caucasian Krona radar works in both the centimeter and decimeter bands. The UHF antenna is 20m x 20m and the SHF one consists of 5 rotating parabolic antennas which uses interferometry.[1][8] According to a 2007 television programme the UHF radar first discovers an object and discerns its orbit and characteristics. Then further detail and precise coordinates are discovered using the SHF radar. The lidar then targets the object and reflected light is picked up by the telescope.[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Russia's Krona Space Reconnaissance System Profiled, Praised in TV Programme". BBC Monitoring/Red Orbit. 2007-10-21. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  2. ^ a b Sofronov, Ivan (2005-05-28). "Космические войска получили лазерный локатор" [Space forces have a laser radar]. Kommersant. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  3. ^ Podvig, Pavel (2012-01-30). "Early warning". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  4. ^ СККП: Система контроля космического пространства Российской Федерации [SKKP: A system of space monitoring of the Russian Federation] (in Russian). Vympel. 2006-10-04. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  5. ^ В 2007 году Космические войска обеспечили реальность сроков сдачи в эксплуатацию перспективного РКК "Ангара" [In 2007 the Space Forces gave a time for the commissioning of Angara] (in Russian). ITAR-TASS. 2007-12-29. Archived from the original on 2012-02-09. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  6. ^ a b Sourcebook on the Okno (в/ч 52168), Krona (в/ч 20096) and Krona-N (в/ч 20776) Space Surveillance Sites (PDF). Federation of American Scientists. 2008-12-30. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
  7. ^ O'Connor, Sean (2008-06-13). "Soviet & Russian Space Surveillance Facilities". Retrieved 2012-03-12.
  8. ^ Контроль над космосом на высоте, или "Крона" в Зеленчуке [Control of space at a height, or 'crown', in Zelenchukskaya] (in Russian). Novosti Kosmonavtiki. April 2007. Archived from the original on 2010-10-20. Retrieved 2012-03-17.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krona_space_object_recognition_station&oldid=1157215179"